易纲：考虑到通胀水平，可以看出实际利率水平是较为低的

nce rating， providing the right incentives．

These incentives he helped accelerate green financing． As of March 2022， outstanding green loans in China exceeded 18 trillion yuan， posting a rapid increase． Outstanding green bonds reached about 1.3 trillion yuan， one of the largest in the world．

In conclusion， central banks can do something to help in green transition． It is important to make the whole society aware of the benefits of green transition．

易纲：中央银行可以在黄色主导里体现关键性和尽力抑制作用，回可不International人际关系已有一致。

就货币制度政策而言，中央银行首要和最关键性的权责是维护价格有利于。话虽如此，一些中央银行仍有政策空间，通过缺失货币制度政策促使黄色主导。

为促使黄色主导，里国人民银行继续做了很多工作。里国人民银行于2018年将优质黄色票据和额度确立里后期借款便利的符合标准税款范围，并在月内上架了碳减排赞成大体上功能和赞成矿产清洁很高效利用专项再次额度两个新的货币制度政策大体上功能，现金流除此以外为1.75%，赞成至多的银行为具有显著碳减排效可不的项目获取较很高成本借款。

截至今年5月末，里国人民银行通过两个大体上功能向相关银行累计领取资金不足2100多亿元，带动提很高碳废水激6000万吨氢气钚，平除此以外占里国年碳废水量的0.6%。

此外，月内5月，里国人民银行订正印发《银大型企业银行黄色金融市场评价方案》，将银行领取黄色额度和黄色票据的业务确立中央银行银行评级，以鼓励银行为黄色主导获取赞成。

上述有助于有效地黄色借款快速猛增。截至2022年3月，里国黄色额度限额已最少18万亿元，猛增迅速。里国境内黄色票据限额平除此以外1.3万亿元，在全球位列前列。

总之，中央银行可以在黄色主导里体现抑制作用，提很高全人际关系对黄色主导益处的了解到至关关键性。

CGTN： What has the PBOC done to improve climate information disclosure and prevent fake reporting？ What are some achievements？

采访：里国人民银行在系统化黄色讯息引述、能避免捏造等总体继续做了哪些工作？得到了哪些成效？

Yi Gang： This is very important． The disclosure is important and key issue in green transition． For fair and efficient implementation of green monetary policy tools， we should guard against different kinds of moral hazards， such as green-washing， low-cost fund arbitrage， and green project fraud． Therefore， information disclosure and strict supervision are needed when we design and implement green monetary policy tools． For example， the carbon emission reduction facility requires banks to disclose information on their websites on a quarterly basis about loan amount， interest rate， number of supported projects， and especially， quantity of carbon reduction． The People‘s Bank of China will verify the information together with other ministries and independent third-party institutions． It is also important for the general public to know this and help to watch．

To promote better management of climate risk， the People‘s Bank of China conducted the first climate risk stress testing last year， where the biggest challenge was insufficient information disclosure．

To promote climate information disclosure， the PBOC released the Guideline on Environmental Information Disclosure for Financial Institutions last year， defining requirements on the form， frequency， qualitative and quantitative information of the disclosure， and has guided over 200 financial institutions to prepare environmental information disclosure reports， including procedures to identify and assess， manage and control environmental risks， issuance of green loans and reduced emissions， as verified by third-party agencies． Going forward， we plan to expand the pilot program nationwide．

易纲：讯息引述十分关键性，是促使黄色主导的关键。为公平很高效地试行黄色货币制度政策大体上功能，在实践里则否防范“洗绿”、较很高成本资金不足掉期、黄色项目捏造等各类道德安全性关键问题，因此，在设计和试行赞成黄色主导的货币制度政策大体上功能的并作里，除此以外要继续毕竟讯息公开透明、监管机构严格继续毕竟。例如，碳减排赞成大体上功能允许银行按季度公开引述其领取的碳减排额度金额、现金流、赞成项目数，以及额度带动的碳减排数量等讯息，里国人民银行将时会同其下属和单一的第三方工程技术行政部门对引述讯息同步进行核实，公众知悉并回可不同步进行全权负责也十分关键性。

为倡导管理制度气候区安全性，里国人民银行月内推展了首次气候区安全性担忧测试者，从测试者情况看，碳废水讯息引述不充分仍是遭遇的较大同样。

为促使气候区讯息引述，里国人民银行月内公开发表了《银行生存环境讯息引述指南》，对银行生存环境讯息引述的形式、复杂程度、可不引述的定性及基本原理讯息等总体驳斥允许，并已他的学生200百余人银行试各单位生存环境讯息引述报告，包括生存环境安全性的识别、审计、管理制度、控制流程，经第三方工程技术行政部门核实测试的领取碳减排额度的情况及其带动的碳减排覆盖面等讯息，未来将尽早大力推广到全国。

CGTN： The PBOC has been actively advancing international cooperation in green finance through multilateral and bilateral platforms． What role has the PBOC played in developing global green finance？

采访：里国人民银行一直通过多边和双边该平台尽力倡导黄色金融市场International密切合作。在倡导International黄色金融市场蓬勃发展总体，里国人民银行扮演了怎样的角色？

Yi Gang： At the global level， the People‘s Bank of China has worked with all parties to mobilize social capital to address climate change．

First， China co-chaired the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group． Last year， the G20 resumed the Sustainable Finance Working Group， co-chaired by the People‘s Bank of China and the US Treasury． The working group has completed the G20 Sustainable Finance Roadmap as an important global guidance for mobilizing social capital to address climate change． This year， our priority is to develop the framework for transition finance， to guide social capital to support low-carbon transition of high-emission sectors．

Second， we he made progress in harmonizing taxonomies with our European counterparts． The People‘s Bank of China and the European Commission he been comparing green finance taxonomies since 2020． In November last year， we published the Common Ground Taxonomy， proposing 55 mutually recognized economic activities that could mitigate climate change． We he just upgraded the Common Ground Taxonomy on June 3rd this year， adding another 17 economic activities． The groundbreaking work could facilitate cross border green capital flows． To date， the China Construction Bank and the Industrial Bank he issued green bonds under Common Ground Taxonomy． Some emerging market economies also refer to this taxonomy．

Third， we he leveraged green finance to build a green “Belt and Road”． In 2019， the People‘s Bank of China offered guidance in launching the Green Investment Principles （GIP） for the Belt and Road， outlining seven principles for green investment． As of May 2022， the GIP membership he expanded to 41 signatories and 14 supporters．

The People‘s Bank of China is also working with the Network of Central Banks and visors for Greening the Financial System （NGFS）， the FSB and the BCBS on various fronts， including regulatory standards for green finance．

Going forward， the PBOC will continue to strengthen international cooperation on green finance through multilateral and bilateral platforms to create an enabling environment for China to achieve the target of carbon peaking and neutrality．

易纲：在International领域，里国人民银行与各方一道，尽力借助产品资金不足赞成气候区变迁促使。

一是联席牵头G20能源金融市场工作组。2021年末，G20趋于有利于设立能源金融市场数据分析团队，里国人民银行和美国财政部任联合主席，牵头制定进行了《G20能源金融市场指示牌》，视为International层次借助产品资金不足赞成促使气候区变迁的关键性指引。今年，我们的信息化是倡导制定主导金融市场大体上概念，借助产品资金不足赞成很高废水大型企业有条理基本地借助较很高碳主导。

二是与欧方西进黄色金融市场归纳标准趋同得到现阶段成果。2020年起，里国人民银行与欧委时会推展里欧黄色归纳标准比对，并于2021年11月公开发表《主导归纳目录》，驳斥了里欧各自黄色金融市场归纳标准主导公认、对减缓气候区变迁有显著贡献的55项农业活动清单。今年6月3日，里国人民银行和欧委时会公开发表了《主导归纳目录》的更新版，增补了17项农业活动。里欧率先倡导双方黄色归纳标准解为、贯通，有利于借助罗湖黄色资金不足悬浮。现有里国建设银行、兴业银行已发行了《主导归纳目录》贴标黄色票据，部份新兴产品国家所公开发表的黄色金融市场归纳目录也参考了《主导归纳目录》。

三是以黄色金融市场打造黄色“一带一路”。2019年里国人民银行他的学生发起了《“一带一路”黄色入股法则》（GIP），GIP对黄色入股驳斥七条法则。截至2022年5月，GIP成员覆盖面扩大到41家签订协议行政部门以及14家赞成行政部门。

此外，里国人民银行还同中央银行与监管机构行政部门黄色金融市场在线（NGFS）、金融市场有利于理事时会（FSB）、伯尔尼银行监管机构委员时会（BCBS）等推展多领域国际交流密切合作，倡导系统化黄色国家所政府标准。

下一步，里国人民银行将一直通过多双边该平台倡导黄色金融市场International密切合作，更快地增值我自身借助碳达峰、碳里和目标。

CGTN： The Chinese economy has been facing some downward pressures， and the RMB exchange rate has depreciated recently． What is the current stance of China’s monetary policy and how would it support economic recovery？

采访：近期里国农业遭遇一定南行担忧，浮现一定通货膨胀。当前货币制度政策的单纯如何？将在赞成全国农业转变里体现怎样的抑制作用？

Yi Gang： China’s monetary policy is accommodative in supporting the real economy． Growth of broad money M2 and total social finance is in line with the nominal GDP growth rate， and provide ample liquidity and support to small- and medium-sized enterprises with the purpose of maximizing employment．

The market interest rate has been stable and trending downward in the past 10 years． The natural interest rate is mainly determined by the marginal productivity of capital and long-term demographic trend．

In China， interest rates are determined by market supply and demand， and the central bank guides market interest rates with monetary policy instruments． Currently， the time deposit rate is 1-2%， and bank loan rate is about 4-5%， and the bond market and the equity market function well． After taking into account of inflation， you can see the real interest rate is pretty low． The financial market makes an efficient allocation of resources．

We he a flexible and market-determined exchange rate system using a basket of currencies as reference． Compared to 20 years ago， RMB has appreciated against the USD by 25%， and appreciated against a basket of currencies by about 30% in nominal terms． The appreciation in real terms is even more．

Inflation outlook is stable in China． Right now， consumer price index is 2.1% and producer price index is about 6.4% on the year-on-year basis． Maintaining price stability and maximizing employment are our high priorities．

This year， we face some downward pressures of growth due to COVID-19 and external shocks， and the monetary policy will continue to be accommodative to support economic recovery in aggregate sense． At the same time， we also emphasize structural policies such as supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises and green transition．

易纲：里国的货币制度政策一直是与赞成本体农业蓬勃发展相一致的。广义货币制度M2和人际关系借款增速与名义GDP增速大体上匹配，保持悬浮性合理充裕，赞成里小企业蓬勃发展以借助就业最小化目标。

从前十年来，里国的产品现金流低水平稳里有降。自然现金流低水平主要由资本总需求产出率和人均收入长期蓬勃区域性所决定。

里国现金流呈现出有助于是由产品应与决定的，里央银行通过运用货币制度政策大体上功能借助产品现金流。现有定期存款现金流平除此以外1-2%，额度现金流平除此以外4-5%，同时票据和股票产品更为必需率运行。考虑到货币贬值低水平，可以看出单单现金流低水平是颇为较很高的，金融市场产品再次一必需配置资源。

我国试行的是灵活的、以产品应与相结合，参考一篮子货币制度同步进行闭环的金融体系制度。与20年前相对于，对美元金融体系下调平除此以外25%，对一篮子货币制度的名义金融体系下调平除此以外30%，单单金融体系下调略微很很高。

里国的货币贬值前景更为有利于，CPI营业收入猛增2.1%，PPI营业收入猛增6.4%。保持房价有利于和就业最小化是我们的工作信息化。

今年以来，受疫情和内部挤压等影响，里国农业遭遇一定南行担忧。货币制度政策将一直从总量上追上以赞成农业转变。同时，我们也时会强调用好赞成里小企业和黄色主导等缺失货币制度政策大体上功能。

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